The ocean is a complex spatiotemporal system that comprises various physical, chemical, and biological components. Their intricate dynamics influence weather patterns, shape climate trends, and play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate equilibrium of our ecosystem.  Underwater robots have become crucial tools for exploring and understanding the vast and mysterious realms of oceans and potentially extending their applications to outer space exploration. However, due to the dynamic and uncertain ocean environments, the motion efficiency...

Intelligent systems are vital to modern engineering, enabling autonomy, adaptability, and efficient decision-making. This paper reviews recent advances in learning, estimation, and control—three core pillars of intelligent systems. It covers data-driven and model-based learning methods, including machine learning and reinforcement learning, for decision-making under uncertainty; estimation techniques like distributed and nonparametric methods for dynamic state reconstruction; and robust, optimal, and predictive control strategies for complex, uncertain environments.  The integration of these elements enhances system resilience...